Recognizing Foundations as Sub Building Structure

Recognizing Foundations as Sub Building Structure

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Recognizing Foundations as Sub Building Structure

All building construction is designed to be built on the ground and must be supported by a foundation. the foundation is part of an engineering system that continues the load supported by the foundation and its own weight to and into the soil with rocks located below it. The resulting ground voltages except on the ground surface, are in addition to the burdens that already exist in the soil mass from the weight of the material itself and its geological history. The cumulative expenses of the floor and buildings above it (super structure) are received by the foundation (substructure) which deals directly with the land.

The function of the foundation is to safely forward a centralized reaction from the column and / or wall or lateral loads from the retaining wall, to the ground, without the occurrence of differential settlements in the structural system without the collapse of the soil. Conditioning structure buildings depends entirely on the local soil structure.

Land must be able to support and sustain the burden of any construction planned on the land without the occurrence of shear failure and the resulting deflection deflection can be surveyed for the construction. A foundation for building a structure must be sufficient so that the construction has satisfactory use and to be safely occupied. A foundation must be able to meet several stability requirements and deformation requirements such as:

1. The depth must be able to anticipate the expenditure or shift of material / soil in the lateral direction from the bottom of the foundation, especially for the palm and raft foundations.
2. Depth must be below the area of ​​seasonal volume changes caused by freezing, disbursement and project growth.
3. The system must be safe against reversal, rotation. pushing or broken ground (shear strength failure).
4. The system must be safe against corrosion or deterioration caused by hazardous materials found in the soil. This needs special attention when returning to stockpile with good landfill, especially for marine-related foundations.
5. The system must be sufficient to withstand some changes in place or geometric construction.
6. The foundation must be economical in the installation method.
7. The whole movement (generally deflections) and differential movements must be able to be traced to both the foundation elements and the elements of the building above the ground.
8. The foundation and construction must meet the standard requirements for environmental protection.

If the foundation is incorrectly designed, then there will be a part of the structure that has a greater decline than the surrounding area. Various structural elements that meet at the convergence point of the columns will experience more stress due to the unequal decline, which in the end will result in excessive deformation.

Additional bending and torsional moments that exceed the resistive capacity of structural elements can result in excessive cracking due to the melting of the reinforcement, and eventually lead to collapse.

If the entire structure experiences a uniform decrease, only a small or no excess voltage will occur. Such behavior can be studied on very rigid foundations and the soil is so soft that the above structure behaves like a floating object, which can change position without damage.

Examples of such structures can be seen, such as in Mexico City, whose buildings have shallow foundations and have experienced a few feet of decline over the years as a result of the land consolidation process.

Other examples of very slow declines, or also the consolidation process is not uniform, also the gradual loss of structural stability, as happened in the Pisa italy skewed tower, is an example of a non-uniform foundation reduction problem.

The layout plan of a structure is very diverse, as well as the soil conditions can differ in an area and in other areas far apart and nearby. As a result, the type of foundation chosen must be based on these factors, plus other factors, such as economic factors.

In summary, the structural planner must obtain complete land data as needed before determining the type and layout of the foundation of a planned structure. Therefore, it is highly recommended and recommended to have basic knowledge about soil mechanics and foundation techniques before planning a foundation.

To be able to determine the amount of bearing capacity for a particular area and determine the foundation system to be used, basic knowledge is needed regarding the determination of cohesive and non-cohesive soil resistance. Data needed to find out The carrying capacity of the soil is usually determined by drilling the soil or by investigating other land.

Who is the founder of the Chicken Claw Building Foundation - Prof. Dr. (HC) Ir. R. M. Sedyatmo

Who is the founder of the Chicken Claw Building Foundation - Prof. Dr. (HC) Ir. R. M. Sedyatmo

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Who is the founder of the Chicken Claw Building Foundation - Prof. Dr. (HC) Ir. R. M. Sedyatmo

Prof. Dr. (HC) Ir. R. M. Sedyatmo is one of the leaders of Indonesian Civil Engineers, scholars, practitioners, scientists and professors of the Bandung Institute of Technology. He was born in Karanganyar, Central Java in 1909. He went through basic education at HIS Solo (1916-1923), continued to MULO Solo (1923-1927), and AMS B in Yogyakarta (1927-1930). Sedyatmo is often nicknamed "The Kancil" because it is famous for its many intellect. He studied at the Bandoeng Te Technicche Hoogeschool (THS) now ITB Bandung (1930-1934). After graduating from THS in 1934 with a four-year study period, Sedyatmo worked as a planning engineer in various government agencies.

Career

His career in the academic world began on October 1, 1950 with his appointment as an extraordinary lecturer for vak Waterkracht (the field of hydropower) in the Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia Bandung (ITB). On August 1, 1951 he was officially appointed as extraordinary professor in the field of hydropower. He is the second native professor in ITB's civil department after Prof. Ir. Roosseno. At the third Lustrum (15th Anniversary) Bandung Institute of Technology on March 2, 1974 Sedyatmo received an honor in the form of Doctor Honoris Causa in Engineering from the ITB Senate, on the basis of an assessment of his services as an engineer, with promoter Prof. Ir. Soetedjo.

History

Prof. Dr. Ir. Sedyatmo in 1961 when PLN officials had to establish seven high voltage power towers in the Ancol swamp area of ​​Jakarta. With difficulty, the two towers were successfully established with a conventional foundation system, while the remaining five towers were still abandoned. The tower delivers electricity and an electric power center at Tanjung Priok to the Senayan Sports Center where the 1962 Asian Games sports party will be held.

Because the time is very urgent, while the conventional foundation system is very difficult to implement in the swamps, a new system is sought. The idea of ​​Ir. Sedyatmo to erect a tower on a foundation consisting of concrete plates supported by concrete pipes below it. The pipes and plates are monolithically attached, and gripping the ground softly.

By sedyatmo, the findings were named chicken paw foundation systems. The tower can be completed on time, and remains firmly established in the Ancol area which is now an industrial area. For areas with soft soil, chicken claw foundations are not only suitable for building buildings, but also for making roads and runways. One more advantage, this system does not require a drainage system and receding connections.

Structure

The foundation of chicken claws consists of relatively thin reinforced concrete plates supported by buis-buis reinforced concrete mounted vertically and monolithically combined with concrete plates at a distance of 200-250 cm. The thickness of the concrete plate ranges from 10-20 cm, while reinforced concrete pipes are 120 cm in diameter, 8 cm thick and range from 150-250 cm. Buis - buis concrete is useful for plate stiffeners. In supporting the building load, buis-concrete plate and confined soil in the foundation work together, thus creating a composite system which in its overall way of operation will be identical to the foundation raft foundation.

The mechanism of the chicken claw foundation system in carrying the burden of the observations is as follows:

If above the plate the point load works, the load makes the plate fade. This deflection causes buis - buis rotating chicken claws. Observations on the model show the rotation of the chicken claw mobilizing lateral soil pressure behind the chicken's claw and is a moment against plate deflection. Thus, how to reduce deflection, the greater the moment against the chicken's claw to fight deflection, the greater the deflection reduction. The opposing claw moment is affected by claw dimensions and soil density conditions (shear strength) around the claw, ie the longer and also the width of the claw, the greater the opponent's moment against the plate deflection that can be obtained.

Many buildings have used Prof.'s chicken claw foundation system. Sedyatmo, including hundreds of high voltage PLN towers, aircraft hangars with a stretch of 64 m in Jakarta and Surabaya, between runway and taxi way and apron at Soekarno Hatta Airport in Jakarta, Pluit access road - Cengkareng, fertilizer factories in Surabaya, swimming pools and tribune in Samarinda, Palembang - Indralaya toll road, and hundreds of high-rise buildings in various cities.

The chicken claw foundation system has also been widely known in various countries, and has even received international patent recognition in 40 countries, namely: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, India, China, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain , Sri Lanka, Brazil, Qatar, Soviet Union, Burma, Egypt, South Africa, Portugal, Spain, Argentina, Chile, Australia, Brunei Darussalam, New Zealand, Morocco, West Germany, East Germany, England, Italy, Belgium, Canada, America United, Netherlands and Denmark.

7 Factors to Look for in Building Planning

7 Factors to Look for in Building Planning

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7 Factors to Look for in Building Planning

The factors that must be considered in planning the building vary, all must be balanced if you want to get the best building design. Examples of designs that are not balanced, such as building a beautiful house but not strong structure, what is the meaning of beauty if the building collapses immediately because the structure is not strong, some are strong and beautiful but require large costs that should be saved, that means the village does not pay attention to economic factors, there are also buildings that are beautiful, strong, and cheap but not healthy, namely air ventilation is not good so it does not support the health and comfort of the occupants, well ... here are some factors that should be balanced.

Factors that must be considered in designing buildings

1. Strength / Strength, starting from a strong foundation withstand the load above it, sloof, columns and beams that are resistant to the weight of the building itself, moving loads, wind loads, earthquakes and others.
2. Stability / Stability, how to keep a building in a planned position, not tilted or even collapsed.
3. Aesthetics / Beauty / Aesthetic, if this can be done brainstorming to get the best design, by making shapes, color mixing, material selection and other things that can add to the beauty of the building.
4. Economical / Economic, the cost factor is also very important, many people want the best and grandest buildings but the available costs are limited, therefore the design also needs to be adjusted to the available budget.
5. Environmentally friendly / Green, for example, while maintaining the presence of existing trees before building, optimizing natural lighting to save electricity use.
6. Health / Health, for example a septictank distance of at least 10 meters from a well when using ground water sources, every room is made to have a window as a clean air vent.
7. Comfort / Comfort, there are many things related to comfort such as the right width and height of the stairs, the position of the bedroom door is not directly facing the living room, and others.

Those are some things that need to be balanced in designing the building, like making a cup of coffee, the size of sugar, coffee and water must be made right so that the taste is delicious, not bitter nor too sweet.

What is JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)

What is JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)

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What is JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)

Japan, which has rapid industrial development is also not free from industry standard standards that are made to standardize all industrial projects. JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) Japanese Industrial Standards have succeeded in making many countries glance at these standards. Indonesia is no exception, JIS is still a reference and reference for Indonesian industrial projects. Then, what exactly is JIS? how is the development? Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) (Nihon Kōgyō Kikaku) sets standards used for industrial activities in Japan. The standardization process was coordinated by the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC) and published through the Japanese Standards Association (JSA). The Japanese Industry Standards Committee consists of many national committees and plays an important role in standardizing activities in Japan. In the Meiji era, the era in which the Japanese empire moved from isolated feudal societies to Westernized forms. The standard is still held and made by private companies, the Empire has only a few standards. All of these were combined and summarized to form the official standard of Japanese Engineering Standard (JES) in 1921. During World War II, the standard was re-simplified and changed to increase the material production of the War.

In 1945 Japanese Association Standards were established after Japan's defeat in World War II. The Japanese Industrial Standards Committee Regulation was announced in 1946, forming a new Japanese standard (new JES). The Industrial Standardization Act was enacted in 1949, which formed the legal basis for Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS).

The Industry Standardization Act was revised in 2004 and the "JIS mark" (product certification system) changed; since October 1, 2005, the new JIS mark has been applied to re-certification. The use of the old mark is permitted during the three-year transition period (until 30 September 2008), and each producer obtains a new certification or renews the certification under the approval of an authority that has been able to use the new JIS mark. Therefore, all Japanese Products have JIS certificates, and new JIS marks since October 1, 2008.

The standard is named like "JIS X 0208: 1997", where X shows the division of regions, followed by four digits (or five digits for several standards that conform to ISO standards), and the year of revision release. Standard JIS classification and numbering are named like "JIS X 0208: 1997", where X denotes Division division, followed by four digits (or five digits for the appropriate ISO standard standards), and revised release year. The JIS Division and significant standards are:

A – Civil Engineering and Architecture

B – Mechanical Engineering

JIS B 7021:2013 – Water resistant watches for general use -- Classification and water resistibility

JIS B 7512:2016 – Steel tape measures JIS B 7516:2005 – Metal rules

C – Electronic and Electrical Engineering

JIS C 0920:2003 – Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

JIS C 5062:2008 – Marking codes for resistors and capacitors

JIS C 5063:1997 – Preferred number series for resistors and capacitors

JIS C 7001 – Type designation system for electronic tubes[1]

JIS C 7012 – Type designation system for discrete semiconductor devices

JIS C 8800:2008 – Glossary of terms for fuel cell power systems

D – Automotive Engineering

E – Railway Engineering

F – Ship building

G – Ferrous Materials and Metallurgy

H – Nonferrous materials and metallurgy[2]

JIS H 2105 – Pig lead

JIS H 2107 – Zinc ingots

JIS H 2113 – Cadmium metal

JIS H 2116 – Tungsten powder and tungsten carbide powder

JIS H 2118 – Aluminum alloy ingots for die castings

JIS H 2121 – Electrolytic cathode copper

JIS H 2141 – Silver bullion JIS H 2201 – Zinc alloy ingots for die casting

JIS H 2202 – Copper alloy ingots for castings

JIS H 2211 – Aluminium alloy ingots for castings

JIS H 2501 – Phosphor copper metal

JIS H 3100 – Copper and copper alloy sheets, plates and strips

JIS H 3110 – Phosphor bronze and nickel silver sheets, plates and strips

JIS H 3130 – Copper beryllium alloy, copper titanium alloy, phosphor bronze, copper-nickel-tin alloy and nickel silver sheets, plates and strips for springs

JIS H 3140 – Copper bus bars JIS H 3250 – Copper and copper alloy rods and bars

JIS H 3260 – Copper and copper alloy wires

JIS H 3270 – Copper beryllium alloy, phosphor bronze and nickel silver rods, bars and wires

JIS H 3300 – Copper and copper alloy seamless pipes and tubes

JIS H 3320 – Copper and copper alloy welded pipes and tubes

JIS H 3330 – Plastic covered copper tubes

JIS H 3401 – Pipe fittings of copper and copper alloys

JIS H 4000 – Aluminium and aluminium alloy sheets and plates, strips and coiled sheets

JIS H 4001 – Painted aluminium and aluminium alloy sheets and strips

JIS H 4040 – Aluminium and aluminium alloy rods, bars and wires

JIS H 4080 – Aluminium and aluminium alloys extruded tubes and cold-drawn tubes

JIS H 4090 – Aluminium and aluminium alloy welded pipes and tubes

JIS H 4100 – Aluminium and aluminium alloy extruded shape

JIS H 4160 – Aluminium and aluminium alloy foils

JIS H 4170 – High purity aluminium foils

JIS H 4301 – Lead and lead alloy sheets and plates

JIS H 4303 – DM lead sheets and plates

JIS H 4311 – Lead and lead alloy tubes for common industries

JIS H 4461 – Tungsten wires for lighting and electronic equipments

JIS H 4463 – Thoriated tungsten wires and rods for lighting and electronic equipment

JIS H 4631 – Titanium and titanium alloy tubes for heat exchangers

JIS H 4635 – Titanium and titanium alloy welded pipes

JIS H 5401 – White metal

JIS H 8300 – Thermal spraying―zinc, aluminium and their alloys

JIS H 8601 – Anodic oxide coatings on aluminium and aluminium alloys

JIS H 8602 – Combined coatings of anodic oxide and organic coatings on aluminium and aluminium alloys

JIS H 8615 – Electroplated coatings of chromium for engineering purposes

JIS H 8641 – Zinc hot dip galvanizings

JIS H 8642 – Hot dip aluminized coatings on ferrous products

K – Chemical Engineering

L – Textile Engineering

M – Mining

P – Pulp and Paper

JIS P 0138-61 (JIS P 0138:1998): process finished paper size (ISO 216 with a slightly larger B series)

Q – Management System

JIS Q 9001 - Quality management systems – requirements

JIS Q 14001 - Environment management systems - requirements with guidance for use

JIS Q 15001 - Personal information protection management systems – requirements

JIS Q 20000-1 - IT service management – specification

JIS Q 27001 - Information security management systems – requirements

R – Ceramics

S – Domestic Wares

T – Medical Equipment and Safety Appliances

W – Aircraft and Aviation

X – Information Processing

JIS X 0201:1997 – Japanese national variant of the ISO 646 7-bit character set

JIS X 0202:1998 – Japanese national standard which corresponds to the ISO 2022 character encoding

JIS X 0208:1997 – 7-bit and 8-bit double byte coded kanji sets for information interchange

JIS X 0212:1990 – Supplementary Japanese graphic character set for information interchange JIS X 0213:2004 – 7-bit and 8-bit double byte coded extended Kanji sets for information interchange

JIS X 0221-1:2001 – Japanese national standard which corresponds to ISO 10646

JIS X 0401:1973 – To-do-fu-ken (prefecture) identification code JIS X 0402:2003 – Identification code for cities, towns and villages

JIS X 0405:1994 – Commodity classification code

JIS X 0408:2004 – Identification code for universities and colleges

JIS X 0501:1985 – Bar code symbol for uniform commodity code

JIS X 0510:2004 – QR Code

JIS X 3001-1:2009, JIS X 3001-2:2002, JIS X 3001-3:2000 – Fortran programming language

JIS X 3002:2001 – COBOL

JIS X 3005-1:2010 – SQL

JIS X 3010:2003 – C programming language

JIS X 3014:2003 – C++ JIS X 3017:2011,

JIS X 3017:2013 – Programming languages – Ruby

JIS X 3030:1994 – POSIX - repealed in 2010

JIS X 4061:1996 – Collation of Japanese character string

JIS X 6002:1980 – Keyboard layout for information processing using the JIS 7 bit coded character set

JIS X 6054-1:1999 – MIDI JIS X 6241:2004 – 120 mm DVD – Read-only disk

JIS X 6243:1998 – 120 mm DVD Rewritable Disk (DVD-RAM)

JIS X 6245:1999 – 80 mm (1.23GB/side) and 120 mm (3.95GB/side) DVD-Recordable-Disk (DVD-R)

JIS X 6302-6:2011 - Identification cards -- Recording technique -- Part 6: Magnetic stripe -- High coercivity

JIS X 9051:1984 – 16-dots matrix character patterns for display devices

JIS X 9052:1983 – 24-dots matrix character patterns for dot printers

Z – Miscellaneous

JIS Z 2371:2015 – Methods of salt spray testing

JIS Z 8301:2011 – Rules for the layout and drafting of Japanese Industrial Standards

JIS Z 9112:2012 – Classification of fluorescent lamps and light emitting diodes by chromaticity and colour rendering property

What is ASTM (American Standard Testing and Material)

What is ASTM (American Standard Testing and Material)

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What is ASTM (American Standard Testing and Material)

ASTM C 33 Standard Test Method for Fine and coarse aggregates, Maybe most of us often see standards such as ASTM C 33. Various types of material testing standards are generally based on ASTM standards. then what exactly is ASTM?

ASTM is an international standard and testing organization with headquarters in West Conshohocken, PA and offices in Belgium, Canada, China, Mexico and Washington, DC Founded in 1898 by a group of Pennsylvania Railroad engineers and scientists, led by chemist Charles Benjamin Dudley, to overcoming the frequent problematic railroad material in the rapidly growing railroad industry. Originally called the "American Society for Testing and Materials", it later changed its name to "ASTM International" in 2001. The association has more than 30,000 members, including users, producers, consumers and other public interests. and also includes academics and consultants.

ASTM develops and publishes technical standards that are accepted through consensus and are used voluntarily for a variety of products, materials, systems and services. To date, around 12,000 ASTM standards are used worldwide with 143 technical standard writing committees. Standards are developed in accordance with the principles of the World Trade Organization which include "coherence, consensus, dimensions of development, effectiveness, impartiality, openness, relevance and transparency." ASTM's internal standards are divided into six categories: Standard Specifications, Standard Test Methods, Standard Practice Guidelines, Classification Standards and Terminology Standards.

Every year ASTM International publishes the ASTM Standards Yearbook. This standard consists of around 80 volumes and includes standards for plastics, adhesives, and rubber and iron and steel, nonferrous metals, metal test methods and analytical procedures, construction, textiles, electrical and electronic insulation, water and environmental technology, nuclear, solar and energy geothermal, equipment and medical services, and many others.

Along with developing standards based on consensus, ASTM International offers technical training programs for industry and government. ASTM also conducts proficiency testing and inter-laboratory crosscheck programs. Proficiency Testing Programs is a statistical quality assurance program. The laboratory can assess their performance by comparing their data with other laboratories participating in the same program. The Skills Testing Program includes testing plastics and metals as well as aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum products, engine coolant, octane and textile testing, to name a few.

ASTM also offers training programs including continuing education or on-line training. Further education includes courses on plastics, coal, statistics, glass, rubber and textiles. In accordance with its provenance, ASTM offers online self-training courses for QA / QC technicians in the construction industry such as cement testing, concrete strength testing, and aggregate testing and also provides on-site training.

ASTM also offers a certification program that includes products including materials, systems and services and personnel to be demonstrated through third party compliance that is independent of standards. Two of them are the Voluntary BioA Product Labeling Program and the National Center for Aerospace Technology & Transportation.

There are around 12,000 standard ASTM standards created by special coding. Signatures usually consist of prefix letters and numbers that are set in sequence. Optionally followed by a dash and the last two digits of the year in which the standard was adopted. The standard begins with a letter indicating the division of types with the following subject:

A = Iron and Steel

B = Nonferrous Metal Material

C = Ceramics, Concrete, and Stone Materials

D = Other Materials

E = Miscellaneous Subjects

F = Material for Specific Applications

G = Corrosion, Deterioration and Degradation of Materials

The following is a list of ASTM standards for material Standardization C (Ceramics, Concrete, and Stone Materials),

1. ASTM C 31 Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field (Standard Practice for Maintenance of Concrete Test Specimens in the Field)
2. ASTM C 33 Standard Test Method for Fine and coarse aggregates (Standard Test Method for Fine and coarse aggregates)
3. ASTM C 39 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens (Standard test method for compressive strength Cylinder Concrete Specimens)
4. ASTM C 91 Standards and Concrete Standards (Standard Cement and Concrete) ASTM C 91-05 Standard Specification for Masonry Cement (Standard Specifications for Masonry Cement)
5. ASTM C 150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement (Standard Specifications for Portland Cement)
6. ASTM C 309 Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete (Standard Specifications for Membrane Liquid Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete)
7. ASTM C 618 Standard Specification for Coal Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
8. ASTM C 876 Standard Test Method for Half-Cell Potential of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete
9. ASTM C 813-90 Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass by Contact Angle Measurement
10. ASTM C 857-14 Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
11. ASTM C 926 Standard Specification for Application of Portland Cement-Based Plaster
12. ASTM C 955 Standard Specification for Transverse and Axial Steel Studs, Runners (Tracks), and Bracing or Bridging for Screws Application of Products and Metal Plaster Gypsum Panel Bases
13. ASTM C 1112 Standard Guide for Application of Radiation Monitors to the Control and Physical Security of Special Nuclear Materials
14. ASTM C 1130-17 Standard Practice for Calibration of Thin Heat Flux Transducers
15. ASTM C1155 Standard Practice for Determining Thermal Resistance of Building Envelope Components from the In-Situ Data
16. ASTM C 1202 Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Chloride's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration
17. ASTM C 1270 Standard Practice for Detection Sensitivity Mapping of In-Plant Walk-Through Metal Detectors
18. ASTM C 1271 Standard Test Method for X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis of Lime and Limestone
19. ASTM C 1321 - 04 Standard Practice for Installation and Use of Interior Radiation Control Coating Systems (IRCCS) in Building Construction
20. ASTM C0141 Standard Practice for In-Situ Heat Flux Measurements in Industrial Thermal Insulation Using Heat Flux Transducers
21. ASTM C 1349 Standard Specification for Flat Glass Clad Polycarbonate Architectural

10 Jobs for Civil Engineering Graduates in Indonesia

10 Jobs for Civil Engineering Graduates in Indonesia

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For those of you who are now confused and uncertain about what to go to? Want to enter the Civil Engineering department but do not know what prospects for Civil Engineering work. After graduating, where will civil engineering work? this time we will discuss 10 prospects for civil engineering graduates. The 10 jobs are 10 employment fields that promise graduates of civil engineering graduates to apply knowledge according to the fields studied. What are the 10 jobs? here he is 10 prospects for civil engineering graduate employment.

1. Construction project contractor company.

At present, domestic development is catching up with infrastructure, making various stalled projects reinvigorated. And also with President Jokowi's national toll road policy, the contracting companies have many projects. PT. WASKITA KARYA, PT HUTAMA KARYA, PT. TOTAL BUILDING PERSADA and other SOE Companies Busy with National Development projects. That way this company will also need a lot of workforce. So that civil engineering graduates will be needed to participate in the framework of national development.

2. Planner and Supervisory Consultant Company.

For this field, engineering graduates will be urgently needed, and still relate to development such as point number 1. The company planning and supervisory consulting firm is directly proportional to the work of the contracting project company. So that in planning and supervision a competent workforce is needed to be placed in various situations.

3. Factory / Manufacturing and Precast

At various factories, civil engineering graduates are needed for maintenance and maintenance. Whether it's a palm oil mill, a plastic factory and others. But the factory that most requires civil engineering scholars is a precast factory. The need for precast products to meet the demand for rapid development makes precast products as prima donna and the choice of casting in place.

4. Mining

Mining companies also need civil engineering graduates, in addition to maintaining infrastructure in this field civil engineering is also needed in the use and effectiveness of heavy equipment transportation. In addition, civil engineering scholars also understand with GEOlogy, which is also a civil engineering course.

5. Bank

Don't get me wrong, banks also need civil engineering graduates, though not many, but civil engineering graduates who work in banks are still being sought by civil engineering graduates. Technical economics of a civil engineering graduate is needed to solve various kinds of bank problems. One of the estimates of building prices, and predictions of future building costs.

6. State Electricity Company (PLN)

Electric companies such as PLN (State Electricity Company) also very often recruit civil engineering graduates. This shows that civil engineering is closely related to various fields of work in this world. To graduate as an employee in a company with the above fields is not an easy matter, it requires our skills and abilities as an adequate civil engineering graduate.

7. Housing Developer (Depeloper Property)

To meet the primary human needs, the construction of more and more dwelling places is increasing, from the housing complex to the construction of apartments, one example is MEIKARTA. In this field civil engineering graduates will deal with residential buildings such as houses in general, Budget plans and work schedules. In this field the prospects for civil engineering graduates will still be very large.

8. Supplier / Distributor of Construction material

For construction construction, a variety of supporting materials will be needed. Civil Engineering graduates are needed in this field to support the smooth and proper use of materials.

9. Petroleum

The petroleum field also requires civil engineering, namely for the construction and maintenance of infrastructure. Like the calculation of pipe requirements. Engineering graduates will not be foreign in this field, because they have often counted on HYDROLICS and Fluid Mechanics.

10. Civil Servants (PNS)

For this field, as the name implies, civil engineering, there is civilian civilization, but it is important to know that the word civil engineering has nothing to do with civil servants. For a discussion of the words civil engineering, please visit the Civil Engineering Word Creation. Many agencies or agencies need civil engineering graduates, such as the Public Works Agency (PU), Bappeda (Regional Development Planning Agency), Transportation Agency. The agency is in dire need of civil engineering graduates as job supervisors, as well as experts in construction.

Thus 10 prospects for employment for civil engineering, in fact there are many other prospects, such as teaching staff or in the cement industry. So do not hesitate to enter the world of civil engineering.

7 Designs that can make Civil Engineering Students Crazy

7 Designs that can make Civil Engineering Students Crazy

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7 Designs that can make Civil Engineering Students Crazy

Again, we will discuss the world of civil engineering campuses, but this time we will discuss 7 major design tasks that exist in civil engineering lectures. We will only discuss 7 courses, although in fact the design tasks of civil engineering students are dozens. Each campus will be different in curriculum so a little bit of this design assignment will be different depending on the place of study. But most of each campus will be more or less the same. This large task has to be mostly handwritten, if typed it might be copy paste. But because writing a hand, it takes a long time to do it. Okay, here are 7 big design tasks that are in the civil engineering department that make students have to stay up late.

1. ROAD DESIGN

Students must be able to plan the highway, and in this task students will be trained to be able to plan the design of the highway. There are usually 2 major design tasks, which will be studied one by one each semester. Highway design addresses geometric planning, and Highway 2 plans the type and thickness of structures and pavement. Usually Highway 1 is studied between 3-4 semesters. And highway courses 2 semesters 5 or 6. This task is a big task, because it takes a lot of time to plan it, each student will be given the help of a Lecturer Assistant. Imagine, students must design from zero, only given a contour map. Students must plan tracts and minimize dumping. Students must also draw images per cross section. Anyway, if you've got this big assignment, Congratulations staying up late.

2. FOUNDATION DESIGN

Foundation design plans the type of foundation and calculates foundation dimensions. Just like a highway, there are 2 foundation designs, 1 foundation and foundation 2. Each of them has a big task, Foundation plans for building foundations of shallow foundation types and foundation 2 about deep foundations. To be able to take on this task, students are required to pass the soil mechanics practicum 1 and 2. So this is the sequence, soil mechanics 1> soil mechanics 2> foundation 1> foundation 2. Must be sequential if one of them has not been taken, then cannot take the next . Counting on designing this foundation is not easy, students must be able to plan the foundation plan load, taking into account the type of soil.

3. CONCRETE STRUCTURE

If you have succeeded in planning the foundation, then you will design the building again, the same as before the assignment starts from zero. Planned the building of the size of the column and beam, how many reinforcement is needed. What is the dead load and the ability of the structure to withstand its own load and dead load. This design task also requires that there be calculations using SAP 2000 or ETABS. So to make it really necessary to learn the software autodidact. Again, not a little time to complete this concrete structure design task.

4. AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION DESIGN

The task of agricultural irrigation design is to plan thoroughly the irrigation building, not just the building but also must take into account each water requirement in a particular area. Laying and determining the position of the irrigation building. Students will also be given a contour map, wherein the map lists the location of sawa and rivers and also settlements. Then students will plan and draw all the irrigation needs of the region.

5. STEEL STRUCTURE DESIGN

Just like a concrete structure, students must be able to design steel structures. What size and type of steel needs to be used. Which connection and type of bolt is needed. What is the ability of the connection to accept the load. The location of the bolt on the connection must also be taken into account. Usually this steel structure design plans buildings in the form of factory, warehouse, hangar, or like a futsal field but with a large size.

6. FLYING FIELD DESIGN

Students are again and again given a contour map which is required to plan an airport in the area. So like it or not, students must understand the type and type of aircraft so that they can plan the load that will be carried on the runway. Civil engineering students must also understand what supporting buildings are at the airport. And also have to calculate the wind direction every year with Windrose. Once this design is complete, the output is a complete airfield with supporting buildings that are described in detail. It takes a lot of time for sure.

7. PORT DESIGN

Just like an airport, students must be able to design a port. Take into account the waves and plan for concrete and sea-resistant buildings. More or less must understand the type of ship and the dimensions of the ship. This task is also not just a complementary task, but must be really detailed. Whether it's a picture and the calculation why is that dimension used. That is the 7 design tasks of students who can make up late, 12 hours will not be enough because it must be divided by studying in class and practicum. The design assignment is not one semester only 1 semester design assignment, but can be 2-3 per semester. Not to mention the addition of other practicums whose reports must also be responsible. Actually there are still other Design Tasks, such as wood structures, drainage techniques, hydraulics and others.